What type of noise involves misunderstanding due to personal biases or emotions?

Psychological noise refers to the mental distractions that can hinder communication, stemming from personal biases, emotions, or preconceived notions. This type of noise occurs when someone's emotional state or beliefs affect how they perceive information, leading to misunderstandings. For example, if an individual feels strongly about a certain topic or has a bias against a particular viewpoint, they may misinterpret the message being conveyed or react in a way that does not align with the intent of the speaker.

The other types of noise, while they can also interfere with communication, do not specifically involve personal biases or emotions. Environmental noise pertains to external sounds and distractions that can disrupt the communication process, semantical noise involves misunderstandings that arise from the meanings of words used in the communication, and physical noise relates to any tangible interference in the environment. Each of these forms of noise affects understanding but does not directly engage the psychological factors that influence how a message is interpreted based on individual feelings or biases.